Smart Building Install Guide

Chapter 1: Infrastructure Recommendations

Intelligent building systems involve interconnected systems such as lighting, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, and energy management. To ensure stable and reliable operation of the systems during use and provide high-quality results, strict management and control are required for all aspects of the construction process related to quality. This includes ensuring that all managers and employees adhere to the requirements outlined in this document for all relevant specifications to guarantee the quality of project implementation and construction.

1.1 Reference Standards

The following standards should be followed for power supply equipment installation:

Code for Grounding Installation of Electrical Equipment (GB 50169-2016)
Civil Building Electrical Design Standard (GB 51348-2019)
Low-voltage Distribution Design Code (GB50054-2010)
Supply and Distribution System Design Code (GB50052-2009)
General Electrical Equipment Distribution Design Code (GB50055-2011)

The following standards should be followed for equipment wiring:

Comprehensive Wiring System Engineering Design Code (GB/T50311-2016)
Engineering Acceptance Code for Comprehensive Wiring Systems in Buildings and Building Complexes (GB/T50312–2000)
General Rules for Identifying Electrical Connection Terminals and Marking Connection Terminals with Letters and Numerals (GB-4026-83)
Code for Construction and Acceptance of 1KV and Below Wiring Installation Engineering (GB-50258-96)

The following standards should be followed for equipment installation:

Code for Grounding Installation of Electrical Equipment (GB-50169-92)
Code for Construction and Acceptance of Low-voltage Electrical Equipment (GB-50254-96)
Comprehensive Wiring System Engineering Design Code (GB/T50311-2016)

Chapter 2 Wiring Standards

2.1 Wiring Standards

Cable laying should be carried out simultaneously with the construction of the building. To prevent the corrosion of cables by building materials, a groove of about 4cm is first cut along the wall. After threading the cable into the PVC pipe, it is buried in the groove and the wall is then finished.
All cables must be laid with a conduit, and cable twisting and 90° sharp bends should be avoided during the threading process.
To avoid interference, low-voltage cables and high-voltage cables should be kept at a certain distance.National standards stipulate that the horizontal distance between power lines and sockets and television lines and sockets should not be less than 50cm.
Control cables and network cables should be laid separately from high-voltage lines to prevent electromagnetic interference from high voltage. In addition, if possible, avoid sharing a conduit with other low-voltage lines that have strong interference signals.
Network cables are different from ordinary cables. To ensure higher bandwidth, the quality of the network cable is required to be high. Use more than category 5 network cables, and the connection of network cables must use dedicated modules and connectors for termination.
Before wiring, the primary task is to determine the location of the machine room and the position of the wall-mounted cabinet (or sub-control end) on each floor, and then determine the installation positions of various terminals (sensors, controllers, smart switches, edge gateways, etc.). According to the gathering position of network terminals, switches can be added at different nodes. No joints in the middle, it is forbidden to use methods like connecting shorter wires with tape like power lines.
Before wiring, labels with information point numbers should be affixed to both ends of each wire, and they must be written upright, clear, the labels are firm, not easy to fall off and fade.
The wires in the conduit must be fixed, no bending, when there are multiple bundles of wires, they should be placed neatly, not twisted, and the wires should not be forced too much when placed to avoid breaking the wires.
The wire must be protected at the outlet of the pipe and the mouth of the conduit to avoid damaging the wire.
If it is a finished wire, the interface cover needs to be put on and taped tightly; to prevent dust, ash, and other garbage from entering the interface during the wiring process.
When there is open flame operation (such as welding, oxy-cutting) around the wire, pipe, and conduit, fire prevention measures should be taken to avoid burning and damaging the wire.
The principle of taking power nearby should be followed when connecting the power supply line of the equipment, and the load carrying capacity of the power supply should be considered to meet the requirements, and overload should not occur.
For environments with high fire protection requirements, the wiring materials and pipes required for wiring must be flame-retardant materials.

2.2 Machine Room Wiring

When using floor troughs, cables are introduced from the bottom of the rack, arranged straight along the direction of the trough, placed in the trough in the order of cable arrangement, straight and untwisted, and must not be bundled. When the cable enters and exits the trough, the turning point should be bundled and should meet the minimum bending radius requirements.
When using rack troughs, cables can be laid untied in the trough, and an outlet should be reserved. The cable should be introduced from the outlet above the rack, and the cable introduced into the rack should be bundled. The bundling should be neat and beautiful.
When using cable walkways, cables should also be introduced from above the rack. Cables laid on the walkway should be tied on each ladder iron. Cables between the upper and lower walkways or cables leaving the walkway and entering the rack should be opened at a distance of 1cm from the bending point and tied empty every 20cm.
When using anti-static floors, the cable should be straight and untwisted, and the cable should not be coiled. The cables introduced into the rack should be bundled.
Various cables should be laid separately in pipes, and they should be classified when bundling. Video and audio cables are strictly prohibited from being buried in the same pipe or bundled together with power lines and RF lines.
The laying of cables should leave a margin at both ends and mark obvious permanent markings.

2.3 Wire Selection

2.3.1 Ethernet Cable

The Ethernet cable used should comply with the CAT-5E standard (or above), and the length of the Ethernet cable should not exceed 100m.

Transmission Signal

RS-232

RS-485

RS-422

IR Infrared

CR-NET

Wire Length

Within 20 meters

Within 1200 meters

Within 40 meters

Within 800 meters

2.3.2 Control Line

The control line uses Ethernet cables that comply with the CAT-5E standard (or above), or uses RVV2 core wire / RVV3 core wire. Depending on the different control protocol signals transmitted by the control line, the length requirements for the wire are different, refer to the following table:

Wire Cross-sectional Area (mm²)

1.0

1.5

2.5

120

Current Carrying Capacity (A)

7.5

12.5

100

105

150

175

225

240

Multiplier

2.5

2.4 Wiring Guide

The wiring of the equipment should be based on the point diagram and system diagram of the scheme design. The following provides a wiring guide for various types of scheme combinations for reference.

2.4.1 Wiring Guide for TI-S2 Sensor

Centralized power supply:

In this case, it is used with a smart switch (TI-L1 \ TI-L2 \ TI-L3). It is necessary to arrange a switch power supply for centralized power supply. Each sensor needs to arrange a two-core RVV20.5 / telephone line to connect with the switch power supply for 12V power transmission. The distance of each line should not exceed 50m. At the same time, a power line RVV31.5 is needed to connect the switch power supply to the 220V room electricity. A switch power supply can carry up to 100 sensors. Please refer to the wiring standards for details.

Docking with the lighting controller:

In this case, the lighting controller needs to power the sensor. Each sensor needs to be used with a lighting controller and a RVVP2*0.5 wire is arranged for DALI protocol transmission, with a maximum wire length of 50m. Please refer to the wiring standards for details.

2.4.2 TI-S5 Sensor Wiring Guide

Docking with a switch that supports POE power supply: In this case, a POE switch is required to power the TI-S5 sensor. Each TI-S5 sensor needs to arrange a Category 6 Ethernet cable (CAT6) to connect the switch and edge gateway for data transmission.

2.4.3 Edge Gateway Wiring Guide

For the wiring of the edge gateway, at least one edge gateway should be deployed on each floor (the number of edge gateways can be increased when the load node exceeds 200). Each edge gateway needs to arrange a Category 6 Ethernet cable (CAT6) to connect to the external network and the server for data transmission. The longest single segment of the Ethernet cable is recommended not to exceed 80m, and the switch can be configured according to the actual situation, as shown in the figure below.

Communication Management Machine

The communication management machine serves as the aggregation device for multi-user electric meters. When the edge gateway connects to the communication management machine, an Ethernet cable (CAT6) needs to be arranged. The specific wiring method of the Ethernet cable refers to the wiring standards in Chapter 2.

2.4.4 Wiring Guide for Multi-user Electric Energy Meters

Multi-user electric meters are installed in the distribution box, so no special wiring is required, just connect the circuit. First, consider the type of equipment to be measured, whether it is air conditioning, lighting, or other equipment. Secondly, consider the number of circuit loops. It is necessary to understand that the three-phase four-wire system is divided into ABCN four wires; the three-phase three-wire system is divided into ABC three wires. Please refer to the following wiring methods.

Method one: Direct access of ADL400 rail-mounted multifunctional electric energy meter (measuring loop less than 80A)

Measurement requirements:

This method is used to measure circuits with a current less than 80A
Wire recommendation: Use BVR specification wire, wire diameter needs to consider load power
The maximum direct access wire diameter is 16 square wire
Consider the number of circuits measured on site, to determine how many electric meters and air switches are needed, and then choose the appropriate size distribution box
The specific wiring details are shown in the figure below (for reference only) and the actual use of the electric meter manual and project construction shall prevail

Method two: Transformer access of ADL400 rail-mounted multifunctional electric energy meter

Notes:

This method is used to measure circuits with a current greater than 80A
Wire recommendation: Use BV or BVR specification wire, wire diameter needs to consider load power
The use of transformers needs to consider the size of the current loop, and then choose the appropriate specification transformer (Transformer selection see surrounding recommendation table)
The lead of the transformer only needs 1 square wire
Consider the number of circuits measured on site, to determine how many electric meters and air switches are needed, and then choose the appropriate size distribution box
The specific wiring details are shown in the figure below (for reference only) and the actual use of the electric meter manual and project construction shall prevail

Method three: Transformer access method of ADF300L-3S rail-mounted multifunctional electric energy meter

Notes:

This electric meter can measure the power consumption of four circuits at the same time
This electric meter must be used with a transformer, and cannot be connected to the circuit alone
This method is used to measure circuits with a current greater than 80A
Wire recommendation: Use BV or BVR specification wire, wire diameter needs to consider load power
The use of transformers needs to consider the size of the current loop, and then choose the appropriate specification transformer (Transformer selection see surrounding recommendation table)
The lead of the transformer only needs 1 square wire
Consider the number of circuits measured on site, to determine how many electric meters and air switches are needed, and then choose the appropriate size distribution box
The specific wiring details are shown in the figure below (for reference only) and the actual use of the electric meter manual and project construction shall prevail

2.4.5 Wiring Guide for Lighting Intelligent Controller (New Model)

Lighting controller connects to sensor:

Please refer to 2.4.1 Sensor Wiring Guide for details

Wiring method of lighting controller and lamp:

Method one: The connection between the lighting controller and the lamp requires four RVV2*1.5 power lines to be arranged. One is used to connect to the indoor 220V power, one is used to power the lamp, and two are used to dim different lamps. Through this method, different lamps can achieve different effects. The bus length is less than 40m. Through this method, the warm or cool light of the lamp can be controlled. Please refer to the wiring standards for details. The wiring method is shown in the figure below.

Method two: This method requires three RVV2*1.5 power lines to be arranged for the connection between the lighting controller and the lamp. One is used to connect to the indoor 220V power, one is used to power the lamp, and one is used to dim different lamps. Through this method, the warm brightness of the lamp can be controlled. The bus length is less than 40m. Please refer to the wiring standards for details. The wiring method is shown in the figure below.

Method three: This method requires three RVV2*1.5 power lines to be arranged for the connection between the lighting controller and the lamp. One is used to connect to the indoor 220V power, one is used to power the lamp, and one is used to dim different lamps. Through this method, the cool brightness of the lamp can be controlled. The bus length is less than 40m. Please refer to the wiring standards for details. The wiring method is shown in the figure below.

Method four: This method requires two RVV2*1.5 power lines to be arranged for the connection between the lighting controller and the lamp. One is used to connect to the indoor 220V power, and one is used to power the lamp. Through this method, only the lamp can be simply controlled to be on or off, and the brightness of the lamp cannot be adjusted. The bus length is less than 40m. Through this method, the warm or cool light of the lamp can be controlled. Please refer to the wiring standards for details. The wiring method is shown in the figure below.

2.4.6 Wiring Guide for Air Conditioner Controller

The air conditioner controller needs to arrange a two-core wire to connect to the air conditioner's outdoor unit. It is recommended to use the RVVP205 audio line for arrangement. The outdoor unit of the air conditioner can be cross-connected together through an RVVP20.5 audio line, with a maximum of three outdoor units in parallel as a group. In this way, multiple outdoor units of the air conditioner can be controlled through one air conditioner controller. The air conditioner controller also needs to arrange an Ethernet cable (CAT6) to connect to the nearest switch, and communicate with the edge gateway through the switch. At the same time, it must also arrange an RVV2*0.5 line to supply 12V power to the air conditioner controller.

As shown in the figure below:

Please avoid running signal cables and power cables side by side, otherwise there may be misoperation due to signal interference. If it is unavoidable to run the cables side by side, please keep the communication line related to this product at a distance of more than 15cm from the communication line of the air conditioning system, and more than 30cm from other wiring. Or, put the cable into an iron protection tube and ground one end of the protection tube. The chassis must be grounded in Type D.

Chapter 3 Equipment Installation Operation Guide

Before installing front-end devices, regardless of whether they are ceiling-mounted, wall-mounted, or suspended, a sturdy load-bearing body must be selected to avoid the device falling unstably or causing personal injury.

3.1 Installation Guide for TI-S2 Sensor Installation

methods:

Ceiling installation: If there is a suspended ceiling, you can use ceiling installation. The installation height is between 2.5m - 5m, using embedded installation.
Suspension: If the office area has no suspended ceiling, it needs to be suspended with a steel wire rope.

Installation coverage:

The sensor is divided into large and small movements of people on site, and then corresponding air conditioning and lighting control is performed.

Large movement detection angle: Large movement angle: Length 53.1° Width 48.4°
Small movement detection angle: Small movement angle: Length 37° Width 27°

5.0m Installation

Large movement 13.3m * 11.2m

Small movement 7.5m * 5.0m

4.5m Installation

Large movement 11.9m * 10.1m

Small movement 6.7m * 4.5m

4.0m Installation

Large movement 10.6m * 9.0m

Small movement 6.0m * 4.0m

3.5m Installation

Large movement 9.3m * 7.8m

Small movement 5.2m * 3.5m

3.0m Installation

Large movement 8.0m * 6.8m

Small movement 4.5m * 3.0m

2.8m Installation

Large movement 7.5m * 6.3m

Small movement 4.2m * 2.8m

2.5m Installation

Large movement 6.6m * 5.6m

Small movement 3.8m * 2.5m

There is a plastic baffle on the sensor device, which is hidden in the structure by default. For example, the workstation sensor near the corridor is easy to trigger the light linkage when walking in the aisle. For this kind of mis-triggering, you can pull down the baffle to control the coverage range.

No baffle == Large movement 2H * tan53.1, small movement 2H * tan37

With baffle == Only retain small movement 2H * tan37

Installation steps:

Drill holes in the installation position according to the installation hole position;
Install and fix the sensor back cover on the wall, and tighten it with screws.
Align the sensor front cover with the back cover, press it hard and rotate it to lock it.

Installation precautions:

The sensor should not be exposed to direct sunlight, near high reflectivity materials or heating/cooling sources.
Do not obstruct the sensor's field of view, such as ceiling fans or light fixtures.
The sensor's position should cover most of the space to detect all human movement, especially near entry points. Smaller movements should be detected in places where there is less human movement. For larger spaces, multiple sensors may be needed to achieve a complete motion detection range.
Avoid detecting movement in adjacent areas to prevent mis-triggering of lights. The plastic shield near the lens can be used to limit the motion field of view.
It is recommended to place only one sensor in each daylight area to achieve the best adjustment. When the daylight conditions in the entire area change greatly, it is recommended to create two or more daylight areas, so more multi-sensors are needed. —— When dimming function is needed.
Keep at least 10cm away from the lamp, and at least 50cm away from the air conditioning outlet.

The sensor uses stable and reliable BLE / BLE Mesh wireless communication, with a typical communication distance of 50m; it is generally recommended to add one as a relay node (for data forwarding) every 20m between two nodes. In the case of a blocked environment, a relay node also needs to be added in the middle, for example: deploying a sensor in the toilet, but the signal is blocked by the wall, the signal will be very weak, for safety reasons, add a relay between nodes.
The sensor can be defined as a relay node, only for message forwarding, not for data collection.
Areas requiring small movement detection: open office areas, conference rooms, etc., can detect small human movements such as shaking heads, swinging arms, etc.
Areas requiring large movement detection: tea rooms, corridors, etc., can detect normal human walking.

3.2 Installation Guide for TI-S5 Sensor Installation

methods:

Ceiling installation: If there is a suspended ceiling, you can use ceiling installation. The installation height is between 2.5m - 5m, using embedded installation.
Suspension: If the office area has no suspended ceiling, it needs to be suspended with a steel wire rope.

Installation steps:

Take out the installation chassis included in this product and fix it to the installation position (such as walls, ceilings, etc.).

According to the surface material of the installation position, choose the fastening screws, such as expansion pipes for cement, woodworking nails for wood, and butterfly nails for gypsum;
This product package does not include fixing screws, please choose special fastening screws according to the actual installation position surface material.

Insert this product into the chassis slot in the direction of the installation buckle. When the installation is completely successful, you should hear a "click" sound.

To ensure the accuracy of the measurement data, please install it at a horizontal distance of more than 1.5m from the heat source.

3.3 Installation Guide for Edge Gateway Installation

methods:

Install the edge gateway on the cabinet with the TI-EG1 bracket
Install the edge gateway on the wall with the TI-EG1 bracket

Installation steps:

Drill holes in the installation position according to the installation hole position;
Install and fix the bracket on the wall, and tighten it with screws;
Align the edge gateway with the bracket slot and install it.

3.4 Installation Guide for Lighting Controller (New Version)

Installation methods:

This device can be installed on the suspended ceiling or wall-mounted on the wall

Installation steps:

Drill holes in the installation position according to the installation hole position;
Tighten the self-tapping screw into the wall, with a little bit of the head exposed;
Then connect the plug-in wire;
After the plug-in wire is connected, perform power-on test.

Installation precautions:

When used as a driver function, it is constant voltage 0-10V dimming, the maximum load lamp power is within 1320W, and the bus length is less than 40m.
Power must be cut off before installing and maintaining the product, and it must be operated by professionals to ensure safety.

3.5 Installation Guide for Air Conditioner Controller

Installation methods: This product needs to be installed indoors and is installed in the weak current control box using a rail.

Installation steps:

Drill holes in the installation position according to the installation hole position;
Install and fix the rail bracket on the wall, and tighten it with screws.
Align the air conditioner controller with the side of the rail bracket, push it hard to lock the rail

Installation precautions:

Please control the network cable of the LAN port within 80m.
If the wiring is incorrect, it may cause damage to this product.
Be sure to cut off the power of the gateway and air conditioner during wiring, otherwise it may cause a malfunction.
Please confirm the terminal position when wiring. If the power cord is connected to the signal terminal due to misoperation, it will cause the fuse to burn
When designing the digital air conditioner controller, install it indoors, in a wall-mounted cabinet on the nearest floor to the outdoor unit; when there are more than 3 air conditioner controllers, it is recommended to add rail installation.
The wiring of the air conditioner controller includes: 12V power cord, network cable (it is also recommended to put the switch together), control line.

3.6 Multi-user Electricity Meter Installation Guide

ADL400 / ADF300L Rail-type Multifunctional Electricity Meter

Installation methods:

First, determine the circuit that needs to be measured. After determining the circuit to be measured, know how many meters are needed,
Choose the appropriate electric cabinet according to the number of meters and the number of air switches.
Adopt 35mm standard rail installation.
Push the meter from the side aligned with the rail bracket, push it hard to lock the rail
As shown in the figure below

Chapter 4 Network Environment Requirements

The smart building system is built on the user's network architecture and requires a high-quality network to ensure the stable operation of the smart building system. If the customer's original network is unstable, it is recommended to re-lay the broadcast network.

4.1 Network planning:

Since the smart building system needs to rely on the Internet for use, it is quite important to plan the entire smart building network as a whole before installing this network, which will directly affect the construction progress of the entire installation project. Please make sure the installation engineering guide staff pay attention.

The following will list some things to note during the network planning process:

The network of the smart building system needs to independently build a local area network (before connecting to the platform).
For multiple systems (such as monitoring systems, broadcasting systems, conference systems, etc.) to be used together with the smart building system, it is necessary to divide the smart building system server into an independent VLAN for easy installation and maintenance of subsequent systems.
For the situation where the smart building is in multiple VLANs, it is necessary to ensure unimpeded communication between each VLAN.
The platform of the smart building is deployed in the cloud, so the local network of the smart building system needs to connect to the external network to communicate data with the platform.

4.2 Network requirements:

Hardware configuration:

Network cable: It is required to be a twisted pair of super five or above, and the line sequence is the 568B standard line sequence, that is, orange-white - 1, orange - 2, green-white - 3, blue - 4, blue-white - 5, green - 6, brown-white - 7, brown - 8;
Switch: The switch used by the smart building system is recommended to use a gigabit, two-layer switch, without routing network management function.
TP-link, Huawei switches can be recommended, see the recommendation table for details.
Router switch configuration indicators: Network latency requirement < 50ms, network jitter requirement: 40ms, network packet loss rate less than 0.03%, bit error rate requirement less than 10^(-7).
Latency: The lower the latency, the better. It should be less than 1ms in the local area network, not more than 40ms on the mobile end, and less than 100ms on the Internet.

4.3 Bandwidth requirements:

If there are other application systems in the local area network of our smart building system, such as video surveillance, office network, etc., an independent VLAN must be divided for the smart building system to avoid the smart building system network and other networks affecting each other, thus

Bandwidth algorithm

Edge gateway: Uplink 30kB, Downlink 15kB
Data upload: Ensure that each edge gateway reaches 30Kb when uploading data
Data distribution: It is related to the bit rate of the issued instruction. The bit rate of the instruction we generally use is 15kbps, so the corresponding bandwidth is bit rate 15Kb * number of edge gateways.

Our actual bandwidth must be more than twice the theoretical bandwidth algorithm.

This is the most basic bandwidth algorithm. In actual applications, due to the different number of edge gateways and the different number of tasks executed at different times, a 1000Mb network is used.

Requirements when there is a monitoring system in the LAN

As shown in the figure below:

As shown in the figure above: When the second-layer switches A and B are connected to m cameras and n edge gateways at the same time, in the case of m cameras and n edge gateways, it is recommended that each terminal has sufficient bandwidth (350Kbps) for data uplink and downlink.

4.4 Network Security

4.4.1 Boundary Security

The interface between the edge computing system and the Internet needs to deploy a firewall to monitor the network security boundary, identify the intrusion behavior on the boundary and effectively block it.

4.4.2 Network Access Authentication

Devices accessing the network and identity resolution nodes should have unique identifiers. The network should authenticate the identity of the accessing devices and identity resolution nodes to ensure legal access and connection, and block and alert the access behavior of illegal devices and identity resolution nodes to form a network trusted access mechanism.

4.4.3 Communication and Transmission Protection

Use encryption, verification and other mechanisms to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and effectiveness of the communication process, prevent data from being stolen or tampered with during network transmission, and ensure the effective use of information and resources by legal users.

4.4.4 Network Equipment Security Protection

Improve the security of network devices and identity resolution nodes themselves through the following measures; authenticate the identity of users who operate and log into network devices and identity resolution nodes, and ensure that identity authentication information is not easy to crack and impersonate; restrict and prompt the source address of remote login to network devices and identity resolution nodes; adopt comprehensive login failure processing measures for the login process of network devices and identity resolution nodes.

4.4.5 Network Data Security

There are many data that need to be stored on the smart building platform, such as device data, business data of each subsystem, platform management data, etc. It is necessary to take protection measures such as explicit purpose, data encryption, access control, business isolation, access authentication, and data desensitization in data collection, transmission, storage and processing.

4.4.6 Backup and Recovery

Adopt different backup strategies and response measures according to the business types and system characteristics of each subsystem. Develop a suitable backup recovery strategy based on existing or industry common norms and guidelines, and verify the effectiveness and practicality of the developed strategy under conditions. Regularly verify the formulated disposal backup plan and conduct disaster prevention drills to continuously adapt to changes in the environment or technology and ensure the effectiveness of the plan.

Last updated 1 year ago